Definition of Computer Network

A network is a system of individual devices connected to one another. Such connection is usually referred to as interconnection. The interconnection is a reflection of interdependence of the devices for a specific purpose. This, implies therefore that, without any of the devices, the purpose cannot be achieved.

A computer network is therefore connected computer related devices – computers, servers, printers – to communicate and share resources for a specified purpose; the connection may be wired or wireless with specific protocols. The individual components of the network are termed nodes; that is each connected device is called a node.

Resource Sharing

The network enables devices to share resources like files, printers and internet access. As a result, several computers may share a single printer mostly through Bluetooth connection (wireless). The printer is located at a vantage point in the organisation. Each user issues the print command on their computers and then move to location of the printer to collect the printout. In another instance, the internet connection of a mobile phone may be share with other mobile phone users through mobile hotspot, Bluetooth tethering, forms of wireless connection. It can also be shared with a computer through USB tethering, here, the phone is connected to the computer through a USB cable. This means that the phone serves as a source of internet connection to the other devices mentioned. Again, users of interconnect devices can have access to files stored on any of the connected devices. When that happens, any changes that one effects to the file takes effect and all other users recognise that as such.

Communication

Computer network basically establishes interaction between devices through exchange of using defined protocols and network devices. These protocols put in place a common language for data transmission and processing. Such network devices include: routers, switches, and modems, which facilitate the said communication for achieving the purpose of the network. Emails, web browsing, video calls and instant messaging are all examples of communication that relies on exchange of data across networks. Thus, smartphones, laptops, and other devices use wi-fi, Bluetooth, and cellular networks to communicate.

Network devices

These are the touchable components of the computer network that facilitate and manage communication within the network.

• Modems convert digital signals from computers to analogue signals for transmission over telephone networks.
• Switches connect devices in a network segment transmitting data only to the intended receipt.
• Routers connect different networks, forwarding data packets between them based on destination addresses.

Data Transmission

When a device wants to send information, it organises the data into packets, attaches the destination address, and transmit it over the network. The data is transmitted either through wires, or a wireless media. In the wired networks, cables such USB cable and ethernet connect devices offer connectivity and high-speed data transfer. Wireless networks use radio waves, allowing devices to connect without cables.

Protocols

Protocols are a set of rules that streamline the in which data is transmitted around the network. Standard protocols include transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP /IP). They break data into packets for efficient and secure delivery. Each packet is assigned an IP address as the ‘digital home’ address to ensure accurate routing.

Types of computer network

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